• Primary Partition (/)   – 200 GB
• Extended Partition -    800  [ 9 GB for Swap , 300 GB for Research and  470 GB for Entertainment ]

Here is the log file details

GParted 0.5.1
Libparted 2.2
Delete Logical Partition (linux-swap, 7.45 GiB) from /dev/sda  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )
calibrate /dev/sda5  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda5
start: 292970496
end: 308592639
size: 15622144 (7.45 GiB)
delete partition  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )

Delete /dev/sda2 (extended, 7.45 GiB) from /dev/sda  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

calibrate /dev/sda2  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda2
start: 292970494
end: 308592639
size: 15622146 (7.45 GiB)
delete partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

Create Extended Partition #1 (extended, 791.82 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda2
start: 292977405
end: 1953520064
size: 1660542660 (791.81 GiB)

Create Logical Partition #2 (linux-swap, 9.51 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda5
start: 292977468
end: 312898004
size: 19920537 (9.50 GiB)
set partition type on /dev/sda5  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )

new partition type: linux-swap(v1)
create new linux-swap file system  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

mkswap -L “” /dev/sda5

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 9960264 KiB
LABEL=, UUID=8bd5b838-fa01-4c12-b1f9-510faad4445b

Create Logical Partition #3 (ext4, 305.10 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:01:05    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda6
start: 312898068
end: 952734824
size: 639836757 (305.10 GiB)
set partition type on /dev/sda6  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

new partition type: ext4
create new ext4 file system  00:01:05    ( SUCCESS )

mkfs.ext4 -j -O extent -L “Research” /dev/sda6

Filesystem label=Research
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19996672 inodes, 79979594 blocks
3998979 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
2441 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)

Create Logical Partition #4 (ext4, 477.21 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:02:51    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda7
start: 952734888
end: 1953520064
size: 1000785177 (477.21 GiB)
set partition type on /dev/sda7  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )

new partition type: ext4
create new ext4 file system  00:02:50    ( SUCCESS )

mkfs.ext4 -j -O extent -L “Entertainment” /dev/sda7

Filesystem label=Entertainment
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
31277056 inodes, 125098147 blocks
6254907 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
3818 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)

GShutdown is an advanced shutdown utility which allows you to schedule the shutdown or the restart of your computer, or logout your actual session.

Installing GShutdown In Ubuntu

You can use Synaptic Package manager or Ubuntu Software center to install this software. or download the source code from http://gshutdown.tuxfamily.org site and install manually in your system.

GShutdown is a free software under the GPL license. The graphical user interface uses GTK+2.

Features :

• Compatible with GNOME, KDE and XFCE.
• Compatible with GDM and KDM to shutdown, reboot or close the current session, without being root.
• The ability to choose a command to stop the computer (like “sudo poweroff”, for example)
• Systray icon
• Visual notifications (to warn the user that his computer is going to be stopped in a few seconds !)
• Three different ways to schedule the turn off time : « at time and date », « after a delay », « now ».

1.Copy the (.ttf or .TTF fonts to fonts folder)

# cp /home/user/senthami.ttf /usr/local/share/fonts/

2.Update the fonts database

# fc-cache -f -v ~/.fonts

or

#fc-cache -f -v /usr/local/share/fonts/

[fc-cache scans the font directories on the system and builds font information cache files for applications using fontconfig for their font handling]
-f => force to update the font database
-v => verbose – viewing information while updating
(Source Linux Man Page)

3.Restart your Web Browser

(Login or switch to root mode – su)

Method 1: ( Using usermod command )
usermod -l newname oldname

Example
#usermod -l anthoniraj antony

Here the user antony has been changed to anthoniraj

Method 2 : ( Using chfn command )
chfn -f newname oldname

Example
#chfn -f thiraviam thiravi

Here the user thiravi has been changed to thiraviam

Note : The old user name should exists in /etc/passwd file .
These above two commands will only change the user name, not user home directory.

2.Reboot
o init 6
o shutdown -r now
o reboot

3.Enter single user mode:
o init 1

Server Side (192.168.3.100)
1) Generate public key

root@myserver#ssh-keygen -t dsa -f .ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
.ssh/id_dsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
a6:3e:4d:48:af:73:04:d0:53:82:7d:ba:98:b6:fb:dd root@myserver

(Leave passphrase – Simply press enter key]

2) copy the server (192.168.3.100) public key to remote system (192.168.3.101)

root@myserver#cd .ssh
root@myserver#scp id_dsa.pub root@192.168.3.101:~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
The authenticity of host ’192.168.3.101 (192.168.3.101)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 5c:5b:84:54:a9:95:6b:64:85:74:9b:cc:ce:60:ed:1d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ’192.168.3.101′ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.3.101′s password:
id_dsa.pub 100% 603 0.6KB/s 00:00
root@myserver#

3) login to remote host(192.168.3.101) from local (192.168.3.100)

root@myserver#ssh -X root@192.168.3.101
root@192.168.3.101′s password:
Last login: Fri Oct 5 11:51:37 2007
Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
Starting httpd:
[root@client1 ~]#

4) In remote system append the public key to authorized_keys file

[root@client1 ~]# cd .ssh
[root@client1 .ssh]# cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[root@client1 .ssh]# chmod 640 authorized_keys
[root@client1 .ssh]# rm id_dsa.pub
rm: remove regular file `id_dsa.pub’? y
[root@client1 .ssh]#exit

5) Now you can logon to the remote (192.168.3.101) system without password from your server (192.168.3.100)

6) Execute the shutdown command from server (for shutdown the client)

root@myserver#ssh -X 192.168.3.101 halt

The same way you can configure the client 2, and client 3 systems .

If the network has more number of systems , then you can use the following shell script in server for shutting down all client machines after configuring the public key on all machines

[root@myserver ~]# vi ssh-shutdown.sh
for (( $i=100 ; $i<=250 ; $i++ ))
do
ssh -X root@192.168.3.$i halt
done

(This program will shutdown the all network client system from 100 to 250)

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# stty -echo
[root@MB327SCS068 ~]#

After that no command will display on your terminal , If you want to enable text again on your terminal , type the command

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# stty echo (This command wont display in your terminal)

We can also start /stop/restart the any daemon ,The basic syntax is

service daemon_name start / stop / restart

Eg : if you want to share the files among the network using Samba , you need to start the smbd daemon

service smbd start

Eg :

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# service smb status
smbd is stopped
nmbd is stopped

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# service smb start
Starting SMB services: [ OK ]
Starting NMB services: [ OK ]

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# service smb stop
Shutting down SMB services: [ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services: [ OK ]

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# service smb restart
Shutting down SMB services: [FAILED]
Shutting down NMB services: [FAILED]
Starting SMB services: [ OK ]
Starting NMB services: [ OK ]

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# service smb status
smbd (pid 6429 6428) is running…
nmbd (pid 6433) is running…

passwd -l / -u username

l – lock the password (user cannot change their password)
u – unlock the password (user can change their password)

Eg :

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# passwd -l antony
Locking password for user antony.
passwd: Success

[root@MB327SCS068 ~]# passwd -u antony
Unlocking password for user antony.
passwd: Success.

Eg 1 : For Findind List of users available on your linux machine
( see the previous post)

cut -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd

/etc/passwd is the file about user information , the general format of this file is

username:password:userid:groupid:userdirectory:usershell
or
antony:x:103:105:/home/antony:/bin/sh

x means password is in /etc/shadow field

now i want ot retrieve the all username and their userid from that file
the command is

cut -d : -f 1 3 /etc/passwd

cut – command name
-d – delimiter (:)
-f – field numbers seperated by space (1 -username , 3 – userid)

Eg 2: the same like we can retrieve the groups details from /etc/groups

cut -d : -f 1 /etc/groups