Both plain text and HTML are used to convey email. Advantages of HTML include the ability to include inline links and images, set apart previous messages in block quotes, wrap naturally on any display, use emphasis such as underlines and italics, and change font styles.

Sendmail Configuration in php.ini file

# vim /opt/lampstack/php/etc/php.ini
[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
; For Win32 only.
sendmail_from = antony@gmail.com
; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: “sendmail –t -i”).
sendmail_path = sendmain –t -i

Simple Example

<php
$to = 'amalantonyraj@yahoo.co.in';
$subject = 'From PHP';
$message = 'Test';
if(mail($to, $subject, $message)) {
echo "Mail has been sent successfully";
}
else {
echo "Server error";
}
?>

Mail Function in PHP

Syntax
bool mail ( string $to , string $subject , string $message [, string $additional_headers [, string $additional_parameters ]] )

Parameters
to

Receiver, or receivers of the mail. The formatting of this string must comply with » RFC 2822. Some examples are:
* user@example.com
* user@example.com, anotheruser@example.com
* User <user@example.com>
* User <user@example.com>, Another User
<anotheruser@example.com>
subject
Subject of the email to be sent.
Caution
This must not contain any newline characters, or the mail may not be sent properly.
message
Message to be sent Each  line should be separated with a LF (\n). Lines should not be larger than 70 characters.

additional_headers (optional)
String to be inserted at the end of the email header. This is typically used to add extra headers (From, Cc, and Bcc). Multiple extra headers should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n). additional_parameters (optional)
sending mail using the sendmail_path configuration setting. For example, this can be used to set the envelope sender address when using sendmail with the f sendmail option.

For  Emailing with attchment and extra headers . please refer this link

http://pradeepkumar.org/2009/09/sending-email-in-php.html

1. Open Source Web Development with LAMP Using Linux, Apache, MySQL
2. Core Python Programming
3. Practical Programming in TCl and TK
4. Perl Programming

REFERENCE BOOKS

HTML BASICS

1. Tag Basics
2. Tag Reference
3. W3C Html Tutorial
4. Useful Html Tags
5. JavaScript Reference

PHP – MYSQL

1. Emailing with PHP
2. MySql CookBook
3. Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL™ and Apache in 24 Hours
4. Web Application Developments using PHP and MYSQL
5. PHP and PostgreSQL
6. PHP Functions Essential Reference

PYTHON AND TCL/TK

1. Learning Python
2. Python 2.5 Quick Reference
3. Tcl and the Tk Toolkit

Pros

1. IDE Features [ Syntax Highlighting , Debugging , Preview ...]
2. Full Java , J2EE Development Support.
3. Various Flavors are available [Eclipse Classic , Eclipse for Java  , Eclipse for J2EE ... ]
4. Plug-in Development Support
5. Perl , Python , C , C++ , Ruby on Rails language support
6. Plug-in s are more [ You can find from Eclipse Plug-in Site ]
7. Execution Speed is good ,Memory Consumption is less, Eclipse will also work in 512 MB RAM ,
8. Debugging support for all languages.
9. Developer friendly

Cons

1. Single Bundle or package is not available for all features.
2. Lacks for Java Swing Designing
3. No Internal Server for running Client / Server Script like apache or tomcat or glassfish

Netbeans IDE

Pros

1. All IDE Features
2. Java, C , C++ , PHP , Ruby , groovy languages support
3. Bundled with single package for all features
4. Various flavors are available [Netbeans Java , J2EE , C ..]
5. Debugging is good
6. WYSIWYG design for Java Swing Application
7. Full Java Script and CSS support
8. Tomcat and Glassfish serves are in built with Netbeans IDE
9. Developer friendly
10. Option for uploading project into open source community [ using Kenai]

Cons

1. Occupying More Memory (Min 512 MB)
2. Execution Speed is somewhat low comparing to eclipse [But its  based on processor and memory )
3. Plug-ins are less

Final Words

In my working experience with IDEs , If you want to develop Java Swing and J2EE Related Applications, you can move for Netbeans , or always choose Eclipse to code.

1. Goto Synaptic Package Manager and install the following packages

a) apache2                                   [Apache Web Server]
b) libapache2-mod-python      [Module for running Python Programs in Apache using mod-python ]
c) mysql-server                          [Mysql Database Server]
d) mysql-client                         [Mysql Client Terminal]
e) pyhton-mysqldb                  [Pyhton and Mysql database programming fucntions ]
f)  python3,1                             [optional but i strongly suggesting you to learn python 3.x ]

2. After Installation You can start , stop, or restart the apache and mysql server using this commands

# sudo su
# /etc/init.d/apache2 start/stop/restart
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start/stop/restart

3. If You want to create mysql database , use the given command

# mysql -u root -p

[Type the password which  you had already given while installation of mysql server ]

4. Now Lets write one small web application  , Open Your favorite editor vim , gedit or Eclipse

# sudo su
# vim first.py
#!/usr/bin/python3.1
print(“Content-Type: text/html\n”)
print(“<b>My First Web Application in Python<b>”)

Save and copy the file into

# cp first.py   /usr/lib/cgi-bin
# chmod a+x /usr/bin/cgi-bin/first.py

5. Now Open your web browser and type the address like

http://localhost/cgi-bin/first.py

Thats it … Enjoy the power of Python programming …

How to draw line, circle , or 2D graphics in Linux Using C or C++?

I was searching Internet and found some softwares for developing graphics applications in Linux. that softwares are listed here

1. GTK+   – Gnome Tool Kit
2. QT  -  The X toolkit
3. SVGALIB   [ #include<vgagl.h> ]
4. libgraph [ #include<graphics.h> ]

GTK and QT are simple and used for high level Graphical User Interface [ GUI ] development. SVGALIB and libgraph is used for 2D graphics in Linux .  the syntax and functions are some what different for beginners  [specially the user from windows ] but most of users familiar with windows graphics.h header file in C and C++ , so we can move for libgraph which is exact one for windows graphics user . libgraph is an implementation of the Turbo C graphics API (graphics.h) on GNU/Linux using SDL [ Simple Direct Media Player ]. The library requires SDL for primitive graphics and SDL. First you need to install the following dependency packages using synaptic package manager in Ubuntu Linux to develop the graphics applications properly.

• SDL Library

Installing SDL Library

• GUILE – GNU’s Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extension

GUILE Installation

• After installing these two packages , download the libgraph and install in your system

#sudo su

#tar -xzvf libgraph-1.0.2.tar.gz

#cd libgraph-1.0.2

#make

# make install

For better understanding , watch this video given here ….

1. Open your favorite text editor and type the following code

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#include "stdio.h"
#include "graphics.h"
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm=VGAMAX;
initgraph(&gd,&gm, 0);
moveto(0, 0);
setcolor(4);
rectangle(50,50,500,200);
while(!kbhit());
closegraph();
return 0;
}

2. Now compile the program with lgraph library

#gcc line.c -lgraph -o output

#./output

If you get any error in this line like

./output: error while loading shared libraries: libgraph.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Do the following

sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libgraph.* /usr/lib

3. Now one new window will open , there you will get the output Rectangle in Red color.

Output Window

The advantage of libgraph is very easy to remember the syntax  [ all functions are same as turbo c graphics.h ] . still if you are facing any problem to develop graphics applications using this , send your problems through comment page of this post.

# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
 
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so

The following sub sections contain a list of short descriptions for many of the directives included in
httpd.conf:

1. ServerRoot: – It specifies the top level directory containing website contents. By default, Server Root is set to “/etc/httpd” for both secure and non-secure servers. Example: ServerRoot “/etc/httpd”

2. Timeout: – Defines in seconds the amount of time the server waits for receipts and transmissions during communications. (Default value is 300 seconds) Example: TimeOut 300

3.KeepAlive :- It sets whether the server allows more than one request per connection and can be used to prevent any one client from consuming too much of server’s resources.(Default is off) Example: KeepAlive false

4.MaxKeepAliveRequests: – Sets the maximum number of requests allowed per persistent connection. (Default is 100) Example: MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

5. KeepAliveTimeout: – Sets the nuimber of seconds the server waits after a request has been served before it closes the connections. (Default is 15 seconds) Example: KeepAliveTimeout 15

6. DocumentRoot: – Directory which contains most of the HTML files which are served in response to requests. (Default is “/var/www/html” directory) Example: DocumentRoot “/var/www/html”

You can get more information about Apache from http://www.openpeta.com/index.php/apache-http-server/
and Wikipedia Page

MySQL is the popular open source database which would be in back end of LAMP technology . If you want to store huge information then you can move for this database otherwise you can use file for storing values. You can use command mode or phpmyadmin for creating database in MySQL. For command mode please refer this link http://www.openpeta.com/index.php/mysql-queries-explained/ or watch the following video for understanding phpmyadmin (Its a very good graphical interface for mysql to manipulate database)

1. Text Editor [like Gedit in Linux or NotePad in Windows ]
2. LAMP Package
3. Web Browser [Firefox , Opera , Chrome ,IE]

You can develop PHP program using any text editor but i would strongly suggest you to use Netbeans IDE , its an open source and very powerful one , you can easily find documentation , on-line help and deployment everything within the IDE itself. I would like to explain this part taking simple PHP program.

1. PHP Code for displaying Greeting message to user with current date [first.php]

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<?php
/**
 *
 * Author: Anthoniraj Amalan
 * Created On Sep 4, 2009 8:15:39 AM
 * Version 1.0
 *
 */
 echo "Date: " . date("d/M/y");
 echo "<br />Welcome To Open Source World";
 
?>

Explaination

Line 1 & 11 : Starting and End tags which is used for identifying PHP Code.
Line 2 to 8 : Multiline comment like c++ , You can describe anything related to your program
Line 9 : echo() is the predefined function which is used for displaying given content in your web browser.date() is also predefined function for displaying current date [d - day , M - Month , y -Year ]
Line 10 : Just a Greeting Message , given inside the echo function

2. Running the Code After finishing our php code you need to copy file into apache htdocs folder . In our case , we have to copy the first.php to hdocs folder

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  #sudo su
  #chmod 777 /opt/lamp/apache2/htdocs
  #chmod a+x first.php
  #cp first.php /opt/lamp/apache2/htdocs

Line 1 : enter into root mode
Line 2 : Assign all privileges [Read, Write, Execute ] to htdocs folder , then only you can save the php files into this folder
Line 3 : Make the php file as executable one
Line 4 : copy the first.php file into apcahe htdocs folder

Starting Apache Server
You need to start the server for running the php file or web page in your client system or browser. just do the following

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#sudo su
#/opt/lamp/ctrlscript.sh start

Date: 04/Sep/09
Welcome To Open Source World

If you want to run the php code in local area network or some other client which is connected to your server , then you need to change the address of the php page.instead of http://localhost/first.php , use your ip address like http://192.168.1.2/first.php in your client browser. [ To find Ip address of your server , use ifconfig command in terminal]

1) fopen(filename,mode) – used for opening a file with specific mode.
2) fclose(fp) – used to close the file. (fp -> filepointer)
3) feof(fp) – used to find the End of File
4) fgetc(fp) – Gets character from file pointer
5) fgets(fp) – Gets a line from file pointer
6) fread(fp,size) – Binary-safe file read
7) fscanf(fp,format) – Parses input from a file according to a format
fwrite(fp,string) – Binary-safe file write
9) file_put_contents(fp,string) – Write a string to a file
10) file_get_contents(fp) – Reads entire file into a string
11) file(fp) – Reads entire file into an array
12) file_exists(fp) – Checks whether a file or directory exists
13) is_readable(fp) – Tells whether the filename is readable
14) is_writable(fp) – Tells whether the filename is writable
15) is_file(path) – Tells whether the filename is a regular file
16) is_dir(path) – Tells whether the filename is a directory
17) is_link(path) – Tells whether the filename is a symbolic link
18) readlink(path) – Returns the target of a symbolic link
19) readdir – Read entry from directory handle
20) glob – Find pathnames matching a pattern
21) filesize(fp) – Gets file size
22) filetype(fp) – Gets file type
23) fprintf(fp,format) – Write a formatted string to a stream
24) fstat(fp) – Gets information about a file using an open file pointer

File Opening Modes

Modes Description
r Read only. Starts at the beginning of the file
r+ Read/Write. Starts at the beginning of the file
w Write only. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it doesn’t exist
w+ Read/Write. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it doesn’t exist
a Append. Opens and writes to the end of the file or creates a new file if it doesn’t exist
a+ Read/Append. Preserves file content by writing to the end of the file
x Write only. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists
x+ Read/Write. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists

File Reading and Writing

Method 1 : File Reading Using Bytes

<?php
/*
* Author : Antony
* Created on 22-Feb-08
* Program Name : filereadbytes.php
*/
$filename = “sample.txt”;
$fp = fopen($filename,”r”) or exit(“Unable to open file…”);
while(!feof($fp))
{
$content = fread($fp,filesize($fp));
echo $content;
}
fclose($fp);
?>

Method 1 : File Reading Using Character

<?php
/*
* Author : Antony
* Created on 22-Feb-08
* Program Name : fileread.php
*/
$filename = “/home/anthoniraj/textfiles/sample.txt”;
$fp = fopen($filename,”r”) or exit(“Unable to open file…”);
while(!feof($fp))
{
echo fgetc($fp);
echo “<br />”;
}
fclose($fp);
?>

Method 1 : File Reading Using Lines

<?php
/*
* Author : Antony
* Created on 22-Feb-08
* Program Name : filereadline.php
*/
$filename = “sample.txt”;
$fp = fopen($filename,”r”) or exit(“Unable to open file…”);
while(!feof($fp))
{
echo fgets($fp);
echo “<br />”;
}
fclose($fp);
?>

Method 4: Writing Contents to File

<?php
/*
* Author : Antony
* Created on 22-Feb-08
* Program Name : filewritechar.php
*/
$filename = “sample.txt”;
$fp = fopen($filename,”w”) or exit(“Unable to open file…”);
$content = “Sample File Contents”;
if(fwrite($fp,$content)==true)
{
echo “Successfully written”;
}
else
{
echo “Failed to write”;
}

?>

Simple Counter Program

<?php
/*
* Author : Antony
* Created on 22-Feb-08
* Program Name : counter.php
*/
$path = “counter.txt”;
$fp = fopen($path, “r”);
$count = fread($fp, 1024);
fclose($fp);

$count = $count + 1;
echo “<p>Page views: ” . $count . “</p>”;

$fp = fopen($path, “w”);
fwrite($fp, $count);
fclose($fp);

?>

<html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” lang=”en_US” xml:lang=”en_US”>
<!–
* Created on 05-Feb-08
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window – Preferences – PHPeclipse – PHP – Code Templates
–>
<head>
<title> Student Registration Form </title>
<style type=”text/css”>
.text {
color : #FFFFFF;
font-family: Sans,TimesNewRoman;
}

</style>
</head>
<body class=”text”>
<form name=”insert” action=”MySqlInsert.php” method=”post”>
<br />
<br/>

<table border =”0″ align=”center” cellpadding=”17″ bgcolor=”#49496E”>
<tr>
<td colspan=”2″ align=”center”><b>Student Registration Form</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Student Name</td>
<td><input type =”text” name = “studentName” size =”20″ /> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date of Birth</td>
<td>
<select name =”day”>
<option selected>Day</option>
<option value=”01″>1</option>
<option value=”02″>2</option>
<option value=”03″>3</option>
<option value=”04″>4</option>
<option value=”05″>5</option>
<option value=”06″>6</option>
<option value=”07″>7</option>
<option value=”08″>8</option>
<option value=”09″>9</option>
<option value=”10″>10</option>
<option value=”11″>11</option>
<option value=”12″>12</option>
<option value=”13″>13</option>
<option value=”14″>14</option>
<option value=”15″>15</option>
<option value=”16″>16</option>
<option value=”17″>17</option>
<option value=”18″>18</option>
<option value=”19″>19</option>
<option value=”20″>20</option>
<option value=”21″>21</option>
<option value=”22″>22</option>
<option value=”23″>23</option>
<option value=”24″>24</option>
<option value=”25″>25</option>
<option value=”26″>26</option>
<option value=”27″>27</option>
<option value=”28″>28</option>
<option value=”29″>29</option>
<option value=”30″>30</option>
<option value=”31″>31</option>
</select>
<select name =”month”>
<option selected>Month</option>
<option value=”01″>1</option>
<option value=”02″>2</option>
<option value=”03″>3</option>
<option value=”04″>4</option>
<option value=”05″>5</option>
<option value=”06″>6</option>
<option value=”07″>7</option>
<option value=”08″>8</option>
<option value=”09″>9</option>
<option value=”10″>10</option>
<option value=”11″>11</option>
<option value=”12″>12</option>
</select>
<select name =”year”>
<option selected>Year</option>
<option value=”1975″>1975</option>
<option value=”1976″>1976</option>
<option value=”1977″>1977</option>
<option value=”1978″>1978</option>
<option value=”1979″>1979</option>
<option value=”1980″>1980</option>
<option value=”1981″>1981</option>
<option value=”1982″>1982</option>
<option value=”1983″>1983</option>
<option value=”1984″>1984</option>
<option value=”1985″>1985</option>
<option value=”1986″>1986</option>
<option value=”1987″>1987</option>
<option value=”1988″>1988</option>
<option value=”1989″>1989</option>
<option value=”1990″>1990</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Select the Course </td>
<td>
<select name =”course”>
<option value =”mit”> M.TECH-IT</option>
<option value=”mcs”> M.TECH -CS</option>
<option value =”bit”> B.TECH-IT</option>
<option value=”bcs”> B.TECH -CS</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Nationality</td>
<td>
<input type=”radio” name=”nation” value=”Indian” checked /> Indian <br />
<input type=”radio” name=”nation” value=”Other” /> Other
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DD Number</td>
<td><input type =”text” name = “ddNumber” size =”20″ /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=”2″ align=”center”><input type=”submit” value=”Submit”/> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

PHP Program for Insertion
<?php
/*
* Author : Antony
* Created on 05-Feb-08
* Program Name : MySqlInsert.php
*/

//initilaize the mysql user name and oassword
$user=”root”;
$password=”123456″;

//database name
$database=”studentinfo”;

//get the information from Registration form
$name = $_POST['studentName'];
$dob = $_POST['year'].”-”.$_POST['month'].”-”.$_POST['day'];
$course = $_POST['course'];
$nationality = $_POST['nation'];
$ddNumber=$_POST['ddNumber'];
echo “$regId<br />$name<br/>$dob<br /> $course<br/>$nationality<br>$ddNumber <br>”;
//connect the mysql database
$link=mysql_connect(localhost,$user,$password);
@mysql_select_db($database) or die(“Unable to Open Databse”);

//execute the query
$sql =”INSERT INTO registration VALUES (‘$name’,'$dob’,'$course’,'$nationality’,'$ddNumber’)”;
$result = mysql_query($sql);

if (!$result)
{
die(‘Invalid query: ‘ . mysql_error());
}
else
{
echo “Your Course has been registred successfully”;
}
/* $num = mysql_affected_rows($result);
echo $num;
if($num!=0)
{
echo “Your Course has been registred successfully”;
$regId++;
}
else
{
echo “Error in registration ,Please Try Later”;
}
*/
mysql_free_result($result);
mysql_close($link);
?>