Ubuntu Tweak

Features of Ubuntu Tweak

• View of Basic System Information(Distribution, Kernel, CPU, Memory, etc.)
• GNOME Session Control
• Auto Start Program Control
• Quick install common usded applications
• A lot of third-party sources to keep application up-to-date
• Clean unneeded packages or cache to free the disk space
• Show/Hide and Change Splash screen
• Show/Hide desktop icons or Mounted Volumes
• Show/Hide/Rename Computer, Home, Trash icon or Network icon
• Tweak Metacity Window Manager’s Style and Behavior
• Compiz Fusion settings, Screen Edge Settings, Window Effects Settings, Menu Effect Settings
• Set the Shortcuts to let qucikly access your favourite applications
• GNOME Panel Settings
• Nautilus Settings
• Advanced Power Management Settings
• System Security Settings

Goto Terminal and type the given command

#gconf-editor

You will get one new configuration window , In that editor select

apps -> nautilus -> preferences

Right side you can see some options , just enable the second option [always_use_location_entry ]

Configuration Editor

Now your nautilus will show only location permanently in address bar.

#mysql -u root -p

Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root’@'localhost’ (using password: YES)

To get around this problem you need to reset the password.  Just do the given steps for that

1. Enter root mode in your terminal

#sudo su

2. Stop the MySQL Server

#/etc/init.d/mysql stop   [for Ubuntu]

or

#/etc/init.d/mysqld stop  [for Fedora and Cent OS]

3. Open the MySQL configuration file and add the following line under the [mysqld] section

skip-grant-tables;

#gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

4. Restart the MySQL server

#/etc/init.d/mysql restart

5. Execute the following command

#mysql -u root mysql

6. Now automatically you will get into the MySQL client window, here you can reset your lost password

mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(‘newpassword’) where USER=’root’;

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7. Undo the changes in /etc/mysql/my.cnf and restart the MySQL server

8. Now you can login with your mysql -u root -p command with your new password.

Thats it .

Attachment: my.cnf  configuration file

Download Ubuntu 10.04 Beginners Guide

Ubuntu only ships the latest and greatest

Ubuntu fix bugs for the current and past releases

Ubuntu is a stand-alone distribution

Updates can break things

Uses a lot of resources

Ubuntu can not play games [ or No gaming support]

Big companies don’t use Ubuntu

Ubuntu  won’t connect to an iPod or MP3 player..

User has to learn command line/terminal for using Ubuntu

Customizing Ubuntu  is very hard

To Enable nautilus  address bar [text based location] in Ubuntu 10.04 ,

Press CTRL+L   [ L is a small letter]

Nautilus File Browser - Address Bar Enabled

Reference

http://krp90.wordpress.com/2010/04/07/nautilus-make-the-text-based-address-bar-reappear-in-ubuntu-10-04

• Displaying Manual or Help Page

# man find

• Getting Short Description

# man -f ifconfig

• Getting List of commands using keyword

# man -k “network”

• Converting Manual Page into Portable Format [ Text , PDF , PS ]

• • For Text File conversion
    # man ls | col -b > lstext.txt
  • For PDF or PS conversion# man -t ls > lsps.ps

    # man -t ls | ps2pdf – > lstext.pdf

2. apropos - search the command short description with the given keyword

• General Syntax

#apropos “print”

• Pattern Matching

#apropos -r “^[p]+[g]$”

[This pattern will match the command description word

starting with "p" and ends with "g" ]

3. cd – changing the current directoy to some destination directory

# pwd [ Current Working Directory]

# cd /opt/ [chnage to /opt]

# cd .. [ change to root]

4. ls - List Directories and Files

# ls [ display all files and folders ]

# ls -l [ display files with all information ]

# ls -a [ display hidden files also ]

# ls -R [ display the folder contents ]

# ls -i [ display the index number of each file ]

5.cp – copying folders and files from source to destination.

5.1 Copying Files

# cp kavidhai.pdf /opt/

[copy the file kavithai.pdf into /opt folder]

# cp kavidhai.pdf sam.txt /opt/

[copy the files kavithai.pdf and sam.txt into /opt folder ]

5.2 Copying Folders

# cp -r uploads/ /opt/

[Copy the folder uploads and its content into /opt folder]

6. rm – delete files and folders

# cd /opt/uploads

# rm kavidhai.pdf

[Delete kavithai.pdf from uploads folder ]

# cd ..

# rm -r uploads/

[Delete the folder uploads/ and its content from /opt]

7. cat - create ,display and concatenate the file (s)

7.1 Create new file

# cat > sample.txt

Hello

[This syntax will create new textfile you can use ctrl+c

for saving and exit from the editor. ]

7.2 Dispaly the file contents [Read Only]

#cat sample.txt

Hello

7.3 Concatenating Files

# cat > sample1.txt

Welcome to OpenPeata

^C

# cat sam.txt sample1.txt

Hello

Welcome to OpenPeata

8. history – User commands in terminal will be stored into hitory configuration file.

# history | tail -2

48 cat > sam.txt

49 cat sam.txt

[This command displays last 10 histories, to display entire history type only history command (#history)]

#history -c [Clears all history ]

9. find – search for files in a directory

# find /opt -name “eclipse”

[This command will search the files and folders contains the name 'eclipse' in /opt directory]

10. tar - Cretae Append , Delete , Extract the archive files

#tar -cf my.tar a.txt b.txt [Create my.tar from files ] a.txt and b.txt.

#tar -tvf my.tar [List all files in my.tar]

#tar -xf my.tar [ Extract all files from my.tar]

#tar -xzvf eclipse.tar.gz [ Extract tar.gz file]

#tar -xjvf octave.tar.bz2 [Extract tar.bz2 file]

Download the Reference Card

• Primary Partition (/)   – 200 GB
• Extended Partition -    800  [ 9 GB for Swap , 300 GB for Research and  470 GB for Entertainment ]

Here is the log file details

GParted 0.5.1
Libparted 2.2
Delete Logical Partition (linux-swap, 7.45 GiB) from /dev/sda  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )
calibrate /dev/sda5  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda5
start: 292970496
end: 308592639
size: 15622144 (7.45 GiB)
delete partition  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )

Delete /dev/sda2 (extended, 7.45 GiB) from /dev/sda  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

calibrate /dev/sda2  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda2
start: 292970494
end: 308592639
size: 15622146 (7.45 GiB)
delete partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

Create Extended Partition #1 (extended, 791.82 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda2
start: 292977405
end: 1953520064
size: 1660542660 (791.81 GiB)

Create Logical Partition #2 (linux-swap, 9.51 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda5
start: 292977468
end: 312898004
size: 19920537 (9.50 GiB)
set partition type on /dev/sda5  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )

new partition type: linux-swap(v1)
create new linux-swap file system  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

mkswap -L “” /dev/sda5

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 9960264 KiB
LABEL=, UUID=8bd5b838-fa01-4c12-b1f9-510faad4445b

Create Logical Partition #3 (ext4, 305.10 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:01:05    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda6
start: 312898068
end: 952734824
size: 639836757 (305.10 GiB)
set partition type on /dev/sda6  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

new partition type: ext4
create new ext4 file system  00:01:05    ( SUCCESS )

mkfs.ext4 -j -O extent -L “Research” /dev/sda6

Filesystem label=Research
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19996672 inodes, 79979594 blocks
3998979 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
2441 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)

Create Logical Partition #4 (ext4, 477.21 GiB) on /dev/sda  00:02:51    ( SUCCESS )
create empty partition  00:00:00    ( SUCCESS )

path: /dev/sda7
start: 952734888
end: 1953520064
size: 1000785177 (477.21 GiB)
set partition type on /dev/sda7  00:00:01    ( SUCCESS )

new partition type: ext4
create new ext4 file system  00:02:50    ( SUCCESS )

mkfs.ext4 -j -O extent -L “Entertainment” /dev/sda7

Filesystem label=Entertainment
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
31277056 inodes, 125098147 blocks
6254907 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
3818 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)

#apropos “print”

apropos Sample Output Page

#apropos -r “^[p]+[g]$”

pg (1)               – browse pagewise through text files

This pattern will match the command description word starting with “p” and ends with “g”. Like this user can create your own pattern for finding commands.

cd  – Change Directory
cd command is used for changing the current directoy to some destination directory which you want to use. First you need to find which directory currently you are using, for that you can use “pwd – present working directory” command.
Examples

anthoniraj@Ubuntu:~$ pwd

/home/anthoniraj

I am using home directory , here anthoniraj is the user of the system. Now i want to change home directory to “/opt”

anthoniraj@Ubuntu:~$ cd /opt/

anthoniraj@Ubuntu:/opt$

You can also use dot (.) for changing directory

anthoniraj@Ubuntu:/opt$ cd ..

anthoniraj@Ubuntu:/$ pwd

/

[/ - root directory]

“Linux: the operating system with a CLUE… Command Line User Environment”.

Now a days , everything you can do with GUI mode, even though graphical mode is user friendly , only user can do their work more faster way using commands. As a Linux beginners , you need to know at least some basic commands which would be useful for your frequent activities in Linux. Here i have given 10 basic commands for beginners to work with some basic regular tasks in Linux .

1. man
2. apropos
3. cd
4. ls
5. cp
6. rm
7. cat
8. history
9. find
10. tar

Every command has lot of options , but i am going to give only the basic options for user regular activities. Please refer coming articles for understanding these 10 commands.